The reign of Tolon Na Mahami Kpema marks a significant period in the history of Dagbon, particularly due to his pivotal role in defending the kingdom during the Kumpatia Battle. Na Mahami Kpema, the son of Tolon Na Adama and the seventh chief of the Tolon Nam, is remembered in the annals of Dagbon’s history for his military prowess and loyalty to Ya-Na Zangina (1648–1677). His leadership and courage during the battle against the powerful Gonja prince, Kumpatia, also known as Mahamman Wari, left a lasting legacy.
The Rise of Kumpatia: A Threat to Dagbon
The events that led to the Kumpatia Battle stem from internal conflicts within the Dagbon chieftaincy. Kumpatia, a formidable prince of the Gonja (Ngbanye) kingdom, took advantage of the unrest in Dagbon and sought to challenge the reign of Ya-Na Zangina. Kumpatia had earned a reputation as a powerful leader and warrior, known for his unorthodox and mystical military tactics. It was said that in the areas he conquered, he built fortifications using honey instead of water, symbolizing both his wealth and the strength of his defenses.
Kumpatia’s campaign against Dagbon began in Daboya, and he advanced with his army through Singa and Tamale, pillaging every town and settlement along the way. His strategy was methodical and devastating, aimed at weakening Dagbon before a final assault on Yendi, the heart of the Dagbon kingdom. As his forces moved through the region, fear spread, and many Dagbon chiefs fled to Yendi in preparation for the impending confrontation.
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The Encampment at Sang and the Defense of Yendi
Realizing the gravity of the situation, Tolon Na Mahami Kpema and other Dagbon chiefs, including Kpoge Na Andan Sigli and Kumbungu Na Sulemana, formed a united front to stop Kumpatia from reaching Yendi. They encamped at Sang, a strategic location where they could confront Kumpatia’s forces before they could threaten the traditional capital. The village of Chirizang, a small community under Sang, became the focal point of the coming battle.
As Tolon Na Mahami Kpema and the Dagbon forces prepared for battle, they were acutely aware of the stakes. If Kumpatia reached Yendi, it could spell disaster for the kingdom. The Tolon Na, as a leader of the Worizohinima (warrior class), took his position at the frontlines, determined to protect Dagbon and uphold the honor of his people. His loyalty to the Ya-Na and his role as a defender of the kingdom were well known, and his leadership inspired the warriors under his command.
The Kumpatia Battle at Sang-Chirizang was fierce and lasted for several days. The Dagomba and Gonja armies clashed in a series of bloody engagements, with neither side willing to back down. Tolon Na Mahami Kpema, alongside Kpoge Na Andan Sigli and Kumbungu Na Sulemana, led their forces with bravery and determination.
The turning point came when Andan Sigli, with the support of Mahami Kpema and their elite warriors, managed to strike down Kumpatia. According to oral tradition, Kumpatia’s body was brutally maimed and his remains scattered among the executioners as a symbol of Dagbon’s victory. The defeat of Kumpatia was not only a military triumph but also a moment of immense pride for Dagbon, as it solidified their power and protected their kingdom from external threats.
Following the victory, Tolon Na Mahami Kpema was honored for his key role in the battle. As the advance guard of the Ya-Na’s army, Mahami Kpema was awarded the right arm of Kumpatia’s body, as well as a kettle (Jinglaa), which was later placed at a sacred location in the Tolon Na’s palace. This artifact remains a symbol of his contribution to the victory and his service to Dagbon.
The Diari Na Bukari received Kumpatia’s head, while the Kumbungu Na Sulemana was given the left arm. These gestures were a way to commemorate the bravery of the chiefs and warriors who fought to defend Dagbon against the Gonja invaders.
The Legacy of Tolon Na Mahami Kpema
The Kumpatia Battle is forever etched in the history of Dagbon, with Tolon Na Mahami Kpema celebrated for his defensive role during this critical time. His loyalty to Ya-Na Zangina and his willingness to risk his life to protect Dagbon exemplify the qualities of a true leader. The battle drums of Tolon still recount his courage, and his name continues to be honored in the drum appellations of Dagbon.
The legacy of Tolon Na Mahami Kpema lives on, not only in the kettle kept in his palace but also in the stories passed down through generations. His reign was defined by loyalty, bravery, and a deep commitment to the protection of his people. The Kumpatia Battle, with its decisive victory at Sang-Chirizang, remains a defining moment in the history of Tolon Nam and the broader Dagbon state.
